منابع مشابه
Climate Change, Climate Modes, and Climate Impacts
■ Abstract Variability of the atmospheric and oceanic circulations in the earth system gives rise to an array of naturally occurring dynamical modes. Instead of being spatially independent or spatially uniform, climate variability in different parts of the globe is orchestrated by one or a combination of several climate modes, and global changes take place with a distinctive spatial pattern res...
متن کاملIran's Future Climate Conditions and Hazard in Climate Research
Global temperatures have increased in the past 100 years by an average of 0.74°C (IPCC, 2013), with minimum temperatures increasing faster than maximum temperatures and winter temperatures increasing faster than summer temperatures (IPCC, 2013). Total annual rainfall tends to increase at the higher latitudes and near the equator, while rainfall in the sub-tropics is likely to decline and become...
متن کاملClimate and climate change
*University College London, Institute for Global Health and Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, †University College London, Institute for Global Health, ‡University College London, Department of Geography, §London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social and Environmental Research, ¶University College London, Department of Geography, **School of Oriental and African ...
متن کاملClimate simulators and climate projections
We provide a statistical interpretation of current practice in climate modelling. This includes: definitions for weather and climate; clarifying the relationship between simulator output and simulator climate; distinguishing between a climate simulator and a statistical climate model; statistical interpretation of the ubiquitous practice of anomaly correction, and a substantial generalisation (...
متن کاملAbrupt change in climate and climate models
First, we review the evidence that abrupt climate changes have occurred in the past and then demonstrate that climate models have developing capacity to simulate many of these changes. In particular, the processes by which changes in the ocean circulation drive abrupt changes appear to be captured by climate models to a degree that is encouraging. The evidence that past changes in the ocean hav...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Engineering
سال: 2017
ISSN: 2095-8099
DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.05.009